Pensamiento Americano is a scientific of continuous publication with four-monthly quarterly cuts (January-April, May-August, September-December). That is developed in the fields of knowledge of the Humanities and Social Sciences. Its purpose is to promote and disseminate written research to promote and enrich the multiple debates that are shaken around the Social Sciences. ISSN-e: 2745-1402
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General and differential mechanisms of citizen participation: Prior consultation and victims’ participation boards
Introduction: Citizen participation constitutes a fundamental pillar of the constitutional State, as it enables the active involvement of society in public decision-making processes; however, its implementation reveals tensions when the specific needs of historically vulnerable groups are examined. Objective: To analyze citizen participation mechanisms from a dual constitutional perspective: a general approach that encompasses participation mechanisms designed for the citizenry as a whole, and a differential approach focused on specific instruments such as prior consultation and victims’ participation bodies. Methodology: The study adopts a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical scope, grounded in documentary analysis of constitutional norms, statutory provisions, and jurisprudential developments, employing legal and comparative analysis techniques. Results: The study identifies the dimensions of participation as a constitutional value, right, principle, and duty, along with their legal attributes, revealing substantial differences between general participation mechanisms and those of a differential nature, which incorporate affirmative action criteria and the recognition of cultural and social particularities. Conclusions: It is concluded that citizen participation requires a differentiated approach to ensure the effective inclusion of vulnerable groups, thereby strengthening democratic legitimacy and the protection of fundamental rights.
Copyright (c) 2026 Pensamiento Americano http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Governance of Genetic Resources and Traditional Agricultural Knowledge in Colombia: A Food Sovereignty Approach
Introduction: Although food sovereignty depends largely on control of agrobiodiversity and traditional knowledge, Colombia faces significant threats, such as biodiversity loss, dependence on commercial seeds, and unregulated bioprospecting. Objective: This article analyzes the relationship between genetic resource governance and food sovereignty in Colombia. Methodology: Through qualitative documentary analysis, this research evaluates how current agricultural policies and regulatory frameworks impact genetic diversity and the country’s ability to achieve autonomous food security. Results: The results reveal that traditional knowledge systems are fundamental to local adaptation, in situ conservation, and community empowerment; therefore, their erosion and biopiracy directly threaten these fundamental pillars. Conclusions: The analysis demonstrates that a governance model that prioritizes sustainable use and local control of genetic resources, together with the recognition of farmers’ rights, is essential to strengthening food sovereignty. Ultimately, the article advocates for legal reforms that integrate an “ecology of knowledge,” fostering dialogue between scientific and traditional systems to build resilient food systems for all Colombians.
Culture of peace and eco-social issues in the traditional retail trade of Ciudad Guzmán, Mexico
Introduction: The diversification of food distribution establishments impacts on labor markets, norms and peaceful societies where the relationship between labor, capital and environment is articulated through social relations where disagreements arise to be addressed from the culture of peace; Objective: to analyze conflicts and culture of peace from the relational eco-social issue of the traditional retail trade of Ciudad Guzman in Jalisco, Mexico; Methodology: mixed study with 39 semi-structured interviews and a questionnaire where 805 people participated, using content analysis, descriptive statistics and Path analysis; Results: description of labor dynamics and social relations, reasons for starting the business, the type of product offered and types of suppliers; in the Path diagram the construct of environment contributes greater weight (0. 409) to the configuration of the ecosocial issue, conflicts are recovered where the role of the culture of peace is highlighted in their resolution from the voice of the participants; Conclusions: it is pertinent to continue developing this type of research to strengthen labor autonomy and family traditions that contribute to the culture of peace by managing tensions with suppliers, customers, competitors and society in general.
Copyright (c) 2025 Pensamiento Americano http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Methodology for Developing Scientific and Technological Literacy Texts: From Theory to Educational Practice
Introduction: The article addresses the gap between the epistemological treatment of scientific and technological literacy (STL) and its practical application in teacher education. Although its conceptual and theoretical dimensions have been widely developed, there is still a lack of pedagogical resources that effectively materialize STL in real educational contexts. Objective: To propose a methodology for the development of texts as STL resources that facilitate their practical implementation in educational settings, particularly in the training of science teachers. Methodology: A qualitative, descriptive, and propositional approach was adopted. The methodology was structured in two phases: preliminary planning (definition of objectives, communicative intention, target population, and STL indicators—IACT) and textual production (organization of chapters, narrative rhythm, and writing). The methodology was validated through fieldwork based on the didactic model of Mallart. iv) Results: The findings showed that the methodology enables the construction of contextualized, didactic, and scientifically rigorous texts. The case study involving science teachers and the use of Arduino demonstrated progress in the critical appropriation of knowledge and the development of the STL indicators (IACT).
The Human Right to Development: Challenges and Perspectives
Introduction: This research establishes a relationship between the conceptual and historical construction of the human right to development and the theory of unnamed (innominate) rights in Colombia, insofar as the latter allows for the recognition of this right within the domestic legal framework. Objective: The study aims to define the content of the human right to development, understanding it within the Colombian legal system. Methodology: The research is based on a qualitative approach, relying on jurisprudential and doctrinal analysis concerning the right to development and its connection with fundamental rights, including those unnamed rights that have been recognized through judicial rulings. Results: Among the findings, multiple court decisions were identified in which essential aspects of this right have been recognized and protected. Conclusions: The study highlights that the human right to development constitutes a fundamental mechanism within the category of emerging rights, aimed at ensuring conditions that promote well-being, dignity, and both individual and collective progress in society.
Knowledge, attitude, practice, and teaching context regarding educational inclusion in religious higher education
Objective: This study aimed to determine the level of knowledge, attitudes, practices, and perceptions of the context related to inclusive education among teachers at a religious higher education institution in Colombia. Methodology: A quantitative approach was applied, with a cross-sectional analytical design and non-probability convenience sampling. A total of 214 active teachers from the Medellín and Bucaramanga campuses participated. Data collection was carried out using a validated 65-item questionnaire, distributed in four dimensions, and administered through Google Forms. Results: The results showed that teachers presented predominantly moderate to high levels of knowledge (46.7% moderate, 22.4% high) and broadly favorable attitudes (61.2% high, 29% very high). However, a significant gap in inclusive practices was identified, with 83.6% at low levels. The perception of the institutional context was positive, with 50% at a high level and 43.5% at a moderate level. A statistically significant difference was found between gender and the practical dimension (p = .044), which was weakly associated. Conclusions: Although there is a favorable attitude and a supportive environment, a critical gap persists between teacher disposition and its effective application, which requires sustained training and structural interventions.
Early Maladaptive Schemas and Suicide in a Group of Colombian University Students, 2023
Introduction: The phenomenon of suicide among young populations has gained increasing relevance due to its rising incidence, particularly in university contexts where multiple risk factors converge. Objective: To analyze the relationship between Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMS) and suicide risk in a sample of students from various fields of knowledge at private universities in Colombia. Methodology: A quantitative study was conducted, with a correlational scope and a cross-sectional design. The YSQ-L2 and the Plutchik Suicide Risk Scale were administered to a non-probabilistic sample of N = 318 participants. Results: The findings revealed a significant correlation between several EMS and suicide risk, with the schemas of abandonment, insufficient self-control/self-discipline, and unrelenting standards I being the most prevalent. Conclusions: Early identification of these schemas may enable the design of preventive strategies within the university setting, contributing to the promotion of psychological well-being and the prevention of youth suicide.
Appropriation of rural territory through narrative as a psychosocial strategy in children
i) introduction: the territory can be constructed as a symbolic and affective space in which bonds, practices, and collective memories become integrating elements of community dynamics. Childhood, despite often being rendered invisible, actively participates in the production of meaning about its environment, especially through narrative. ii) objective: this article analyzes the appropriation of territory in rural childhood and the role of narratives in this process. iii) methodology: a qualitative research approach was employed to capture participants’ perceptions of their sense of belonging. A phenomenological design was proposed, enabling an exploration of each participant’s experiences and providing a meaningful contribution to the construction of subjectivity within the rural context. The analysis was carried out through category coding with the support of Atlas.ti software. iv) results: the findings show that narratives facilitate the re-signification of the environment, expressing community bonds and strengthening dimensions of the psychological sense of community, such as membership and emotional connection. v) conclusions: narrative as a psychosocial strategy operates through transformation, which reinforces the symbolic appropriation of territory and promotes collective empowerment from childhood.
sense of community, territories, culture, identity.
Active participation in the current context of higher education.
Introduction: The problem addressed in this article refers to the insufficient level of active participation by students, which has been evident in the international context in the field of higher education. Objective: To place this issue in the Chilean national context, investigating the levels of active participation present in a sample of third-year students studying special education at the Catholic University of the Most Holy Conception. Methodology: To achieve the proposed goal, the “Class Participation Factors Questionnaire” was administered, and systematic observation and interviews with teachers were conducted. Results: The results revealed the presence of a mixed teaching methodology among teachers, as well as a lack of knowledge among students and a positive self-perception of participation. Conclusions: It was concluded that there is a need to improve the factors linked to active participation, as the results obtained reveal areas for improvement in this regard.
Vocational guidance programs in technical secondary education in Colombia: scoping review
Introduction: Technical secondary education should address labor market demands and develop the talent required by Colombian industry. Vocational guidance plays a key role in achieving a close correspondence between these areas. Although studies have been conducted at the national level, there remains a need to determine whether educational programs reflect the real needs of each region. Objective: To describe Colombia’s technical secondary vocational guidance programs, considering their pedagogical, curricular, contextual, and labor foundations, as well as their potential impact on regional economic competitiveness. Methodology: A search of international electronic databases was conducted for articles published since 2020. Sixty-seven studies were identified, of which seven met the inclusion criteria. Results: The programs integrate various theories and approaches, primarily vocational development theory, action research, and life project methodology. Although aligning training programs with production demands enhances employment opportunities and regional development, only three studies addressed this variable. Most of the programs analyzed were implemented in urban institutions. Across studies, vocational guidance was shown to involve educational, socioeconomic, family, and psychological factors. Conclusion: The findings highlight the need for curricular reforms to expand and institutionalize vocational guidance as a transversal and longitudinal axis in secondary education, as well as the importance of adapting strategies to regional diversity.
Narratives of the Educational Community and the Institutional Horizon: Tensions and Convergences in the Construction of School Identity
Introduction: This study addresses the relationship between the narratives of the educational community and the Institutional Framework (Horizonte Institucional) of the Rural Educational Institution Carbonera, located in the municipality of Andes (Antioquia). It seeks to understand how the perceptions and experiences of school actors relate to the formal principles established in the institutional document. Objective: To analyze the relationships between the narratives of students, teachers, and parents, and the postulates of the Institutional Framework, identifying convergences, dissonances, and discursive gaps. Methodology: The research adopts a qualitative approach within a hermeneutic paradigm, employing a design based on discourse analysis. Semi-structured interviews and conceptual matrices were used to compare community narratives with the institutional text. Results: The findings show that local narratives incorporate categories absent from the official document, revealing a gap between everyday experiences and normative discourse. This gap suggests a prioritization of external standards over contextual particularities. Conclusions: It is proposed that the Institutional Framework be reformulated from a polyphonic and inclusive narrative identity, capable of reflecting rural realities and strengthening the school as a democratic and contextually grounded space.
Model of weight bias internalization over body image, eating behavoir and photografic control
i) introduction: It has been proved that weight bias internalization (WBI) enhances body image dissatisfaction (BID), risky eating behaviors (REB) and body image control in photographs (BICP); ii) objective: Test a model which directly predicts BID, and indirectly predicts REB and BICP through BID, using path analysis; iii) methodology: The sample included 187 Mexican adolescents, with an average age of 13.26 years old. Four scales validated in Spanish and for adolescents were used. Path analysis was used to test the structural model. This involved a single-group analysis and a multigroup analysis. Both analyses were performed using the asymptotically distribution-free least squares method; iv) results: The model had a good fit and was validated in the single-group sample. The multigroup analysis revealed that the model is suitable for both sexes, but it is not invariant. v) conclusions: The model in which WBI directly predicts BID; and indirectly REB and BICP through BID, is validated in a sample of Mexican adolescents, having greater predictive capacity in women.
Collaborative Environments with Simulators: A Didactic Strategy to Strengthen Scientific Thinking in Schools
Introduction: Standardized test results show that Colombian secondary school students have difficulties in scientific literacy, especially in inquiry skills. Objective: To determine the impact of implementing a strategy based on collaborative learning complemented by simulators to strengthen scientific thinking skills. Methodology: The research was qualitative in nature, using an action research approach with a descriptive-interpretive scope. Forty students (aged 15-17) from a school in Barranquilla participated. Participant observation, a 10-item survey, and semi-structured interviews were used; the instruments were validated by expert judgment, and the information collected was analyzed using open-axial-selective coding and methodological triangulation. Results: Notable progress was recorded in question formulation, experimental design, evidence-based argumentation, and conclusion drawing. Students’ perceptions indicate that there was an increase in motivation, peer support, and conceptual understanding thanks to interactive simulators and Padlet. Conclusions: Integrating virtual simulators into collaborative environments is an effective and scalable strategy for enhancing scientific thinking in science classrooms with limited resources
Approach to cognitive rehabilitation in people with intellectual disabilities through the use of computerized programs: a review of the concept of intellectual disability
Introduction: This article discusses the concept of intellectual disability from its origins to its current conception, raising concepts related to epidemiology, etiology and computerized cognitive intervention, and finally presents a reflection on the role of neuroscience in relation to intellectual disability. Aim: To analyze the different scientific studies that seek to understand how people with intellectual disabilities develop new learning. Methodology: Qualitative-descriptive, a reflective review and critical analysis of the different theoretical positions on the concept of intellectual disability was carried out through a manual search of articles indexed in different databases, 28 articles were selected (11 on intellectual disability, 11 on cognitive training programs for people with intellectual disability and 6 on the etiology of intellectual disability) Conclusions: Today the appropriate term is intellectual disability, cognitive interventions with technological tools used in people with intellectual disability have positive effect on learning processes, which affects the quality of life of these people, therefore it is sought to increase the item of research of experimental or quasi-experimental cut in people with intellectual disability. Keywords: Intellectual disability, cognitive intervention, neuroscience, learning.
Illicit Enrichment in the Public Sector: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Objective: This article aims to analyze the impact of illicit enrichment in the public sector. Methodology: A systematic review of the scientific literature on illicit enrichment and corruption in public administration was conducted, following the PRISMA 2020 methodology. Empirical and theoretical studies published between 2000 and 2023 were reviewed using databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect. After applying selection criteria, 57 studies were analyzed. Results: The research identifies factors that facilitate corrupt practices and their institutional and social implications. It addreses the causes, effects, and proposed solutions from legal, public policy, and preventive perspectives, as well as ethical, social, and legal frameworks. Conclusions: The study highlights the need to understand illicit enrichment from a multidisciplinary perspective. It offers recommendations for future research and for the development of more effective policies aimed at strengthening governmental integrity and reducing social inequality.
Quality and relevance of professional training in Speech Therapy: opinions of graduates and employers
Introduction: The research examines whether the program addresses the needs of individuals and communities. Objective: To analyze the relevance of the Speech-Language Pathology program at the University of Sucre. Methodology: A quantitative approach with a non-experimental, descriptive design. The population consisted of graduates and employers from organizations where the graduates were employed. A questionnaire was administered to assess the quality and relevance of the training in the program. Results: Regarding the theoretical, theoretical-practical, and attitudinal knowledge acquired, as well as the quality of teaching, class development, and the materials and equipment used during the training, graduates expressed a high level of satisfaction. Employers, on the other hand, considered that the performance of competencies in the areas of scientific-humanistic, professional, and flexible training adequately aligned with the expected professional profile. Conclusions: The high level of satisfaction among graduates regarding the competencies acquired in various relevant areas indicates the relevance of the curriculum. As for the employers, the domains and competencies of knowledge, skills, and attitudes showed that the training provided by the program is pertinent, ensuring the professional performance of speech-language pathologists in the workplace.
Pedagogical and Technological Guidelines: Integrating ICT into Pedagogical Practice for School Coexistence
Introduction: The incorporation of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in education is essential to promote innovative pedagogical practices that foster a culture of peace and school coexistence. Objective: to review the main pedagogical and technological guidelines present in international and national regulations, with emphasis on Colombian guidelines, which guide the integration of ICT in education. Methodology: a qualitative methodology was used based on the systematic review of 20 documents obtained from databases such as Scielo, Redalyc, Google Scholar and Scopus, as well as from international organizations, scientific articles and official documents published between 2015 and 2025 were considered. Results: the effective integration of ICTs in pedagogical practice to strengthen school coexistence requires: curricular innovation, teacher training, organizational transformation, ethical use of technologies, creation of open digital environments, adequate technological infrastructure and taking advantage of the potential of ICTs in promoting a culture of peace. Conclusions: the analyzed regulations promote the responsible use of technologies, the development of digital competences, the curricular resignification, recognizing the value of ICTs to foster peaceful school environments in line with the demand of contemporary digital society.
Difficulties in the Pronunciation of English Vowel Sounds in Sixth Grade Spanish-Speaking Students in Barranquilla, Colombia
Objective: This study analyzes the difficulties in pronouncing specific English vowel sounds (/ɪ/, /ʌ/, /ʊ/, /ə/) among sixth-grade students at Nazareth Olaya School in Barranquilla, Colombia. Methodology: Using a mixed-methods approach with a case study design, the research involved a non-probability sample of six students. Data collection instruments included participant observation, interviews, analysis of audiovisual material, and surveys. Results: Persistent articulation problems were revealed, mainly due to differences between the Spanish and English vowel systems. Common error patterns were identified, such as confusion between similar sounds and the substitution of English phonemes for their Spanish counterparts. In addition, unclear articulation of certain vowels was observed, which negatively affects students' communicative competence in English. Conclusions: The study highlights the lack of specific pedagogical intervention to address these problems, which contributes to their persistence throughout the learning process. Phonetic barriers and the absence of specialized teaching resources in the classroom further exacerbate the problem.
Occupational stress based on psychosocial risks in teleworkers in Colombia.
Introduction: This research identifies work-related stress associated with psychosocial risks among teleworkers in the service sector in Colombia, who are exposed to physical and mental disorders that significantly impact their family and social environments. In response, companies are seeking strategies to mitigate these effects. Objective: To analyze work-related stress based on psychosocial risks in teleworkers in Colombia. Methodology: A qualitative study was conducted using a hermeneutic documentary approach. The research employed techniques such as observation, document analysis, and literature review, supported by instruments including bibliographic cards, summaries, concept maps, synoptic charts, and essays, following a rigorous logical-methodological structure. Results: Teleworking operates within a highly competitive environment that demands constant productivity. The pressure exerted by employers increases the level of demands placed on workers, contributing to the emergence of work-related stress and adversely affecting their physical and mental health. Conclusions: Work-related stress is a recognized occupational disease that significantly affects teleworkers. Therefore, it is essential to implement preventive occupational health and safety programs to avoid the chronicity of associated disorders and to promote the comprehensive well-being of workers.
EFL learning through ICT: 10th graders’ perceptions during the COVID-19 lockdown in Colombia
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly transformed education, making online learning and the use of ICT tools essential for academic continuity. Objective: This study explores tenth-grade students’ perceptions of their English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learning process mediated by ICT tools during lockdown, identifying both challenges and benefits. Methodology: The study employed a mixed-methods design with a descriptive scope, collecting data through a survey and semi-structured interviews to integrate quantitative results with qualitative perceptions. Results: Findings indicate that, although students recognized the importance of learning English, they faced difficulties in developing communication skills due to limited interaction. Motivation and confidence in speaking English varied, and many struggled to participate actively. The role of teachers and digital tools was perceived as supportive but also limiting, depending on the availability of resources and structured guidance. Technical issues, such as internet disruptions, also affected participation. Conclusions: ICT tools were essential for maintaining English language teaching during the pandemic, but they failed to fully replicate the dynamic interactions of the classroom.
Design-based research for generating learning opportunities in school mathematics in rural contexts
Introduction: In recent years, Design-Based Research (DBR) has been consolidating as fruitful and robust in the field of mathematical education since it facilitates the articulation between investigation and the real needs of instruction. However, limitations persist in terms of concrete examples of its application, especially in Doctoral research. Objective: Describe a route of the use of DBR in the generation of theorical and practical contributions, from a doctoral study, whose contribution was the construction of the construct of quality learning opportunities and of a methodology to generate these opportunities. Methodology: The research was installed in a qualitative paradigm, with descriptive scope. Through of a documentary review and a content analysis. Results: A route for the elaboration of doctoral studies is described following the phases of DBR, based on a specific case. From progressive refi- nement of conjectures using hypothetical learning trajectories. Conclusion: DBR is presented as a solid methodological strategy that allows generating theoretical contributions while improving instructions
Trade Dress as an Asset of Intellectual Property: A Vision from the North American Legal Thought
Introduction: Trade dress, understood as the set of distinctive visual elements of a product or establishment, is a valuable intangible asset for companies. Not surprisingly, although there are various legal avenues for its protection, such as copyright, industrial designs, or unfair competition, these have significant limitations in terms of their duration and evidentiary scope. Objective: To analyze, with a focus on American legal thinking, the most effective means of protection for trade dress. Methodology: A hermeneutic-systematic approach and a documentary analysis of doctrine and jurisprudence from databases such as Scopus and JSTOR were used, selecting American doctrine as a pioneer in this field. Results: Analysis of the different solutions and landmark cases in the US showed that the protection of trade dress, whether in the field of architecture or packaging design, depends on the requirements of distinctiveness and non-functionality. Conclusions: Protection through distinctive signs, specifically three-dimensional trademarks, appears to be the most effective and lasting route. This strategy not only safeguards business investment but also prevents consumer confusion and facilitates the construction of a solid brand identity.
Exploring relationship between age and environmental sustainability behaviors among students at Simón Bolívar University
Introduction: In recent years, there has been growing interest in recognizing age as a key element of diversity and inclusion in higher education, considering it a valuable means of promoting sustainable behaviors. Objective: To explore the relationship between age and environmental sustainability behaviors among students of the Psychology Program at Universidad Simón Bolívar in Barranquilla, Colombia. Methodology: A survey with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.871 was administered to 82 students from the Psychology Program at Universidad Simón Bolívar. Results: The findings indicate that the relationship between age and environmental sustainability behaviors among students is most evident between the ages of 22 and 23 (p < 0.005; observed value = 0.018). Conclusions: This finding reinforces the idea that age acts as a determining factor in the development of greater moral and ethical sensitivity toward behaviors consistent with the principles of environmental sustainability.
Impact of the Media San Francisco de Asís Educational Institution in Medellin
Introduction: Mass media play a relevant role in the relationship between the San Francisco de Asís Educational Institution and the educational community, as they facilitate interaction, collaboration, and the flow of information, which are fundamental aspects for students’ academic development. Objective: To describe the implementation and perceptions of the educational community regarding the use of mass media in the institutional context. Methodology: A quantitative study with a descriptive scope, using a non-experimental, cross-sectional design. A survey was administered (a 10- item closed-ended questionnaire using a four-point Likert scale) to 250 participants (teachers, students, and caregivers), who were randomly selected. Data were processed using descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages) and organized into tables using spreadsheet tools. Results: The results indicate that the educational community recognizes the pedagogical potential of mass media; however, it also identifies risks associated with the inappropriate use of social networks, particularly in relation to school coexistence and academic distraction. Conclusions: It is concluded that strengthening media literacy processes and institutional support is necessary to promote responsible, critical, and educational use of mass media in the school context.
Female empowerment: main idea of social change in the colombian countryside
Objective: This article examines the process of female empowerment in rural areas of Colombia, analyzing its impact on the reduction of social identity and equity gaps, as well as on the promotion of social cohesion. Methodology: The study employs analytical and descriptive methodologies. A multiple regression model incorporating several factors is used to explore the direct and indirect relationships between the variables and to evaluate their dependence on employment status. The independent variables considered include culture, housing and education. Results: The results indicate that a person's job role or location is significantly influenced by factors such as age, marital status, number of children, educational level and region of belonging, which are identified as the most relevant determinants. Depending on the regions and cultural contexts analyzed, the findings of this study may open new lines of research or contribute to the design of strategies for value generation.
Copyright (c) 2024 Pensamiento Americano http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Intersections of work, families and care: ¿reconciliation with co-responsibility?
Introduction: This article presents reflections derived from the research project “Social Organization of Childcare for Boys and Girls under 12 in Family Groups: An Analysis from Gender and Socioeconomic Position”, conducted in Cartagena. The study aims to contribute to the institutionalization of care from a perspective of social co-responsibility. Objective: To understand the meanings associated with the organization of childcare within families, in relation to their articulation with the State, the market, neighborhood networks, and NGOs. Methodology: A qualitative approach was adopted, using semi-structured interviews with mothers and fathers, and focus groups with children. Results: The findings reveal tensions arising from the dual responsibility of working and caregiving, particularly due to the unequal distribution of tasks, the female care overload, and the limited male participation. In the labor sphere, the absence of effective work–family reconciliation policies is evident, often leading to rights violations. Conclusions: Reconciliation policies continue to be conceived as family matters centered on women, without incorporating a vision of shared responsibility or corporate social commitment, thus perpetuating gender gaps in both work and home environments.
gender, families, childhood, work, care, conciliation
Cognitive Interactions: The Relationship between Working Memory and Reading Comprehension in Elementary School Children
Introduction: Working memory and reading comprehension are essential cognitive processes for students academic development. Objective: This research explores the relationship between these variables in elementary school children, analyzing key studies that demonstrate how working memory facilitates decoding and text processing and on the other hand, in reading comprehension, as a process of great importance in meaningful learning, interpretation and consolidation of a priori knowledge in children. Methodology: Theoretical models such as Baddeley and Hitch (1974) are discussed and their applicability in the educational context is evaluated. Result: The implications of these findings are highlighted to design pedagogical strategies that optimize more effective teaching strategies based on the needs and abilities of the students, which can help to improve their skills in the reading comprehension process. Conclusion: Finally, it was possible to identify gaps in the literature that may help future research proposals that can generate pedagogical interventions based on these skills to optimize academic performance.
Relationship between family functionality and psychological well-being of children and adolescents from a public educational institution in Medellín
Introduction: The family is the first institution in which human beings are formed and educated. It is irreplaceable in people’s lives as sociocultural subjects and is considered a changing institution according to the needs to be met, becoming a fundamental aspect for understanding the processes of socialization, development, and upbringing in adolescents. Objective: To determine the relationship between family functionality and the perception that parents and caregivers have of the psychological well-being of children and adolescents. Methodology: Non-experimental, cross-sectional, and correlational. The sample was incidental and convenience-based, consisting of n= 131 parents or caregivers of children and adolescents from a primary and secondary education institution in the city of Medellín. Results: A statistically significant bilateral relationship was confirmed between the variable of functionality and perceived psychological well-being. Conclusions: Based on the data, it is suggested that social promotion programs related to healthy lifestyles within families be developed, as well as prevention programs targeting the risk factors to which children in educational institutions in the city of Medellín may be exposed.
The impact of gamification on motivation and performance in English
Introduction: This project highlights gamification as an innovative pedagogical strategy to enhance motivation and academic performance in learning English as a foreign language. Objective: To design, implement, and evaluate a gamified English manual tailored to students’ needs, in response to the inefficacy of traditional methods and the heterogeneity of language proficiency levels. Methodology: The study was conducted with fourth-grade students at Colegio Adventista del Sur in 2024, adopting a qualitative approach that included questionnaires, interviews, observations, and group discussions. Teacher and student training was also considered to ensure appropriate use of the developed material. Results: Gamification improved content retention, particularly in grammar, and encouraged active student participation, emerging as an effective alternative to traditional models. Conclusions: The project provides concrete and transferable didactic tools to transform the English teaching-learning process in school settings.
Review of formative assessment techniques for strengthening written, oral and practical skills in education
Introduction: this study analyzes the formative assessment techniques and mechanisms present in the academic literature, focusing on the development of written, oral and practical competencies, as well as on the subcategories related to learning objectives. objective: to identify and categorize the formative assessment techniques and mechanisms used in the development of academic competencies, complementing the analysis with a bibliometric approach using the bibliometrix and biblioshiny packages in R-Studio; methodology: a search was carried out in the Scopus and WoS databases. Initially, 105 articles were considered, of which 28 were selected after applying the inclusion criteria established by PRISMA; results: there is evidence of a scarcity of studies in Spanish compared to international studies. The implementation of formative assessment techniques has gained relevance since the pandemic, highlighting written assessments that foster skills such as clear communication, text analysis, the correct application of grammatical and spelling rules, as well as the improvement of argumentation and the adaptation of writing to different contexts; conclusions: the active participation of students in formative assessment favors their integral development, improves their academic performance and promotes a proactive approach to continuous learning.