La percepción ciudadana sobre la sostenibilidad del patrimonio mundial. El caso del centro histórico de Santa Ana de Cuenca
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21803/pensam.v12i24.312Palabras clave:
Ciudadanía; gestión; metodología participativa; Patrimonio Mundial; UNESCOResumen
La incorporacio?n del modelo sostenible en la gestio?n del Patrimonio Mundial, implica un enfoque participativo en la identificacio?n, proteccio?n, conservacio?n, presentacio?n y transmisio?n de los valores universales excepcionales para las generaciones futuras. La ciudadani?a, como actor social relevante, aporta una percepcio?n del patrimonio que informa sobre cuestiones clave para lograr una gestio?n sostenible del mismo. La carencia de metodologi?as para comprender la relacio?n entre la sociedad y el patrimonio desde el enfoque sostenible, sin embargo, supone una limitacio?n para la participacio?n de la ciudadani?a en la gestio?n patrimonial. Este arti?culo proporciona evidencia empi?rica sobre el nivel de sostenibilidad que existe en el centro histo?rico Patrimonio Mundial de Cuenca (Ecuador), desde la percepcio?n ciudadana. Los resultados estadi?sticos revelan que la sostenibilidad del patrimonio depende de una reputacio?n que se construye en torno a mu?ltiples feno?menos interconectados que determinan unos patrones actitudinales positivos o negativos. El arti?culo contribuye asi? a la comprensio?n de la relacio?n entre ciudadani?a y patrimonio, haciendo hincapie? en los aspectos que deben ser trabajados metodolo?gicamente para lograr una gestio?n sostenible del centro histo?rico de Cuenca.
Palabras Claves: Ciudadani?a; gestio?n; metodologi?a participativa; Patrimonio Mundial; UNESCO.
Abstract
The incorporation of the sustainable model in World Heritage Sites management implies a participatory approach in the identification, protection, conservation, presentation and transmission of the outstanding universal values (OUV) for future generations (UNESCO, 2017). Citizens, as relevant social actors, provide a reputation regarding cultural heritage that informs on key issues in order to achieve its sustainable management. The lack of methodologies to comprehend the relationship between society and cultural heritage from a sustainable approach is a limitation to achieve participatory management. This article provides empirical evidence on the level of sustainability that exists in the World Heritage site of Cuenca (Ecuador), from the citizen`s point of view. The statistical results reveal that its sustainability relies on a reputation that is built around multiple interconnected phenomena that determine positive or negative attitudinal patterns. The article thus contributes to the understanding of the relationship between citizenship and heritage, with emphasis on the aspects that must be addressed in order to achieve sustainable management in the historic center of Cuenca.
Key words: Citizenship; management; participatory methodology; UNESCO; World Heritage.
Resumo
A incorporac?a?o do modelo sustenta?vel na gesta?o do Patrimo?nio Mundial, implica uma e?nfase participativa na identificac?a?o, protec?a?o, conservac?a?o, apresentac?a?o e transmissa?o dos valores universais excepcionais para as gerac?o?es futuras. A cidadania, como ator social relevante, traz uma percepc?a?o do patrimo?nio que indica sobre questo?es chave para conseguir uma gesta?o sustenta?vel. A falta de metodologias para compreender a relac?a?o entre a sociedade e o patrimo?nio desde um enfoque sustenta?vel, todavia, supo?e uma limitac?a?o para a participac?a?o da cidadania na gesta?o patrimonial. O artigo proporciona evidencia empi?rica sobre o ni?vel de sustentabilidade que existe no centro histo?rico Patrimo?nio Mundial de Cuenca (Equador), desde a percepc?a?o cidada?. Os resultados estati?sticos revelam que a sustentabilidade do patrimo?nio depende de uma reputac?a?o que se construa ao redor de mu?ltiplos feno?menos interconectados que determinam padro?es atitudinais positivos ou negativos. O artigo contribui assim para a compreensa?o da relac?a?o entre a cidadania e o patrimo?nio, tendo e?nfase nos aspectos que devem ser trabalhados metodologicamente para obter uma gesta?o sustenta?vel do centro histo?rico de Cuenca.
Palavras-chave: Cidadania; gesta?o; metodologia participativa; Patrimo?nio Mundial; UNESCO.
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