PUEBLOS INDI?GENAS Y DESARROLLO: EL ROL DE LA CONSULTA PREVIA EN LOS PAI?SES ANDINOS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21803/pensam.v7i13.97Palavras-chave:
Consulta previa, Identidad de los pueblos indígenas, Derechos de los pueblos indígenasResumo
Los estados son garantes de los derechos indi?genas al mismo tiempo que deben facilitar la explotacio?n de los recursos naturales para mantener el crecimiento de las economi?as nacionales. Hoy los pueblos indi?genas andinos utilizan el lenguaje de los colonizadores en los espacios poli?ticos para expresar sus propias ideas sobre el desarrollo y resistir la explotacio?n de los recursos naturales. Hay un proceso de coordinacio?n poli?tica entre los pueblos indi?genas que fomenta resistencia en contra de los cambios que promueve el desarrollo. En este arti?culo se propone una posicio?n cri?tica frente a la consulta previa segu?n la cual ella se constituye como una estructura que promueve el asentamiento progresivo de los paradigmas del desarrollo en territorio indi?gena. Tiene como objetivo llamar la atencio?n sobre el cara?cter neutral de la consulta previa.
Abstract
States are guarantors of indigenous rights at the same time they encourage the exploitation of natural resources to sustain the growth of national economies. Andean indigenous peoples use the language of the colonizers in political spaces to express their own ideas about development and resist the exploitation of natural resources. There is a political process of coordination among indigenous peoples that promotes resistance against the changes endorsed by development. In this article, a critical position about prior consultation is proposed, according to which prior consultation constitutes a structure that promotes the progressive establishment of development paradigms within indigenous territories. This article aims to draw attention to the neutral nature of prior consultation.
Downloads
Referências
Alarcon, T. (2001-2002). The Ayllu: the Basic Social Unit of the Aymara People. St. Thomas Law Review, 14, 449-457.
Alesina, A. & Rodrik, D. (1994). Distributi- ve Politics and Economic Growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 109, 465-490.
Anaya, J. (2009). Report of the Special Rappor- teur on the situation of human rights and fundamental freedoms of indigenous peo- ple, James Anaya. UN Special Rappor- teur on the Rights of Indigenous Peo- ples.
Andolinaa, R., Radcliffe, S. & Laurie, N. (2005). Development and culture: Transnatio- nal identity making in Bolivia. Political Geography, 24, 678-702.
Antkowiak, T. (2014). Rights, resources, and rhetoric: indigenous peoples and the In- ter-American Court. University of Pen- nsylvania Journal of International Law, 35, 113-187.
Aponte, L. (2010). Indigenous peoples as inter- national lawmakers. University of Pen- nsylvania Journal of International Law, 32, 203-263.
Asamblea del Pueblo Guaraní (junio 21 de 2014). Asamblea del Pueblo Guaraní. Recuperado de http://www.cidob-bo. org/regionales/apg.htm
Bebbington, D. (2013). Extraction, inequality and indigenous peoples: Insights from Bolivia. Environmental Science and Poli- cy, 33, 438-446.
Becker, M. (2011). Correa, indigenous move- ments, and the writing of a new Consti- tution in Ecuador. Latin American Pers- pectives, 176, 47-62.
Benavides, M. (2010). Industrias extractivas, protesta indígena y consulta en la Ama- zonía peruana. Anthropológica, 28, 263- 287.
Berry, J. (2008). Globalisation and accultura- tion. International Journal of Intercultu- ral Relations, 32, 328-336.
Buchanan, A. (1993). The role of collective ri- ghts in the theory of indigenous peoples’ rights. Transnational Law & Contempo- rary Problems, 89.
Bury, J. (2005). Mining mountains: Neolibe- ralism, land tenure, livelihoods, and the new Peruvian mining industry in Caja- marca. Environment and Planning, 37, 221-239.
Butler, C. (2009). Critical legal studies and the politics of space. Social & Legal Studies, 18, 313-332.
Cabrera, M. (2012). Re-thinking the role of in- digenous peoples in international law: New developments in international en- vironmental law and development coo- peration. Goettingen Journal of Interna- tional Law, 4, 263-290.
Cameron, J. (2014). Hacia la alcaldía: The mu- nicipalization of peasant politics in the Andes. Latin American Perspectives, 36, 64-82.
Castillo, E. & Triviño, L. (2008). Historias y trayectorias de maestras y maestros in- dígenas en el Cauca: ¿la etnoeducación, posibilidad para otras educaciones? Re- vista Educación y Pedagogía, 20, 81-97.
Chávez, D. (2012). Observatorio de Dere- chos Colectivos de Ecuador. Recupera- do de http://observatorio.cdes.org.ec/ documentos/documentos-de-anali- sis/126-consulta-previa-en-el-ecuador
Chiswick, B., Patrinos, H., & Hurs, M. (2000). Indigenous language skills and the labor market in a developing economy: Boli- via. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 48, 349-367.
Clinton, R. (1990). The rights of indigenous peoples as collective group rights. Arizo- na Law Review, 32, 739-747.
Copestake, J. (2011). Well-being in develop- ment: Comparing global designs with local views in Peru. European Journal of Development Research, 23, 94-110.
Corte Constitucional de Colombia. (2011). Sentencia T-129.
Corte Constitucional de Colombia. (2011). Sentencia T-282.
Cowen, M. & Shenton, R. (1995). The inven- tion of development. En J. Crush, Power of Development. London: Routledge.
Cycon, D. (1990-1991). When worlds collide: Law, development and indigenous peo- ple. New England Law Review, 25, 776.
De la Cadena, M. (2010). Indigenous cosmo- politics in the Andes: Conceptual reflec- tions beyond politics. Cultural Anthro- pology, 25, issue 2, 334-370.
Deiningera, K. & Squire, L. (1998). New ways of looking at old issues: Inequality and growth. Journal of Development Econo- mics, 57, 259-287.
Deruyttere, A. (2001). Pueblos indígenas, globa- lización y desarrollo con identidad: Algu- nas reflexiones de estrategia. Inter-Ame- rican Development Bank.
Due Process of Law. (2011). The right of indi- genous peoples to prior consultation: The situation in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Washington: Oxfam.
Ecuador National Plan 2013-2017. (2013).
El Espectador (3 de Febrero de 2014). Indígena acepta que minera lo asesoró para ‘tumbar’ Parque Nacional Yaigojé-Apaporis.
Elden, S. (2007). There is a politics of Space because space is political. Henri Lefeb- vre and the production of space. Radical Philosophy Review, 10, 101-116.
Emery, A. (28 de febrary de 2000). Canadian International Development Agency. Ob- tenido de http://www.acdi-cida.gc.ca/
INET/IMAGES.NSF/vLUImages/ea/$fi- le/IndiKnow-NP-e.pdf
Espinosa, C. (2013). The riddle of leaving the oil in the soil-Ecuador’s Yasuní-ITT pro- ject from a discourse perspective. Forest Policy and Economics, 36, 27-36.
Eviatar, D. (2006). Corporate greed, Bolivia, and peasant resistance. Dissent, 53, 27.
Farget, D. (2014). Words that fly back and forth between two mutually oblivious worlds: What is the legal meaning of an “indi- genous way of life”? Canadian Journal of Law and Jurisprudence, 27, 239.
Feder, G. & Feeny, D. (1991). Land tenure and property rights: Theory and implica- tions for development policy. The World Bank Economic Review, 5, 135-153.
Fodefla, A. (2005-2006). International law and the diversity of indigenous peoples. Ver- mont Law Review, 30, 565-594.
Geer, M. (1998). Foreigners in their own land: Cultural land and transnational corpo- rations-emergent international rights and wrongs. Virginia Journal of Interna- tional Law, 38, 331.
German International Cooperation Agency. (2011). El derecho a la consulta previa: Normas jurídicas, prácticas y conflictos en América Latina. German Internatio- nal Cooperation Agency.
Gilbert, J. (2007). Indigenous rights in the ma- king: The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.
International Journal on Minority and Group Rights, 14, 207-230.
Godoy, R., Reyes-Garcia, V., Byron, E., Leo- nard, W. & Vadez, V. (2005). The effect of market economies on the well-being of indigenous peoples and on their use of renewable natural resources. Annual Review of Anthropology, 34, 121-138.
Grijalva, A. (16 de Julio de 2009). Principales innovaciones en la Constitución de Ecua- dor de 2008. Recuperado de http://www. institut-gouvernance.org/en/analyse/fi- che-analyse-454.html
Henrich, J. (1997). Market incorporation, agricultural change, and sustainability among the Machiguenga Indians of the Peruvian Amazon. Human Ecology, 25, 319-351.
Hoffman, M. (1987). Critical theory and the in- ter-paradigm debate. Millennium - Jour- nal of International Studies, 16, 231-250.
Hristov, J. (2009). Social class and ethnicity/ race in the dynamics of indigenous pea- sant movements. The case of the CRIC in Colombia. Latin American Perspecti- ves, 36, 41-63.
International Labour Organization; United Na- tions Development Programme (2007). The Road to empowerment. Strengthe- ning the Indigenous Peoples Rights Act. Volume 1: New ways, old challenges. Ma- nila: International Labour Organization.
Jenkins, R. (1994). Rethinking ethnicity: Iden- tity, categorization and power. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 17(2), 197-223.
Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum Co., 133 S.Ct. 1659. (2013). United States Supreme Court.
Lewis, A. (1954). Economic development with unlimited supplies of labour. The Man- chester School.
Little, P. (2005). Indigenous peoples and sustai- nable development subprojects in Brazi- lian Amazonia: The challenges of inter- culturality. Law & Policy, 27, 450-471.
Lopez, I. (1994). The social construction of race: Some observations on illusion, fa- brication, and choice. Harvard Civil Ri- ghts-Civil Liberties Review, 29, 1-64.
Macdonald, T., Irvine, D. & Arand, E. (1993). The Quichua of Eastern Ecuador. World Bank Discussion Papers, 188. Indigenous views of Land and Environment, 11-29.
Martina, P. & Wilme, F. (2008). Transnational normative struggles and globalization: The case of indigenous peoples in Bo- livia and Ecuador. Globalizations, 5(4), 583-598.
McNeish, J. (2002). Globalization and the reinvention of Andean tradition: The politics of community and ethnicity in Highland Bolivia. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 29(3-4), 228-269.
Ministry of Culture of Peru. (2014, June 20).
Base de datos de pueblos indígenas u ori- ginarios. Recuperado de http://bdpi.cul- tura.gob.pe/lista-de-pueblos-indigenas
Molano, A. (2002). Apaporis: Viaje a la última selva. Bogotá: Planeta.
Nagel, J. (1994). Constructing ethnicity: Crea- ting and recreating ethnic identity and culture. Social Problems, 41, 152-176.
Newman, D. (2006-2007). Theorizing collec- tive indigenous rights. American Indian Law Review, 273, 273-289.
Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues. (2005). Indigenous peoples and the Mi- llennium Development Goals. New York: United Nations.
Radcliffe, S. (2006). Culture and development: Taking culture seriously in development for Andean indigenous people. Environ- ment and Planning: Society and Space, 24, 231-248.
Ramos, A., Guerreiro, R. & Pimenta, J. (2009). Indigenising development. Poverty in Focus, 17, 3-5.
Rosengren, D. (2002). Indigenous peoples of the Andean countries: Cultural and political aspects. Gothenburg: Swedish Interna- tional Development Cooperation Agen- cy.
Ruiz-Chiriboga, O. & Donoso, G. (1 de Junio de 2012). Indigenous peoples and the Inter-American Court: Merits and repa- rations. Recuperado de http://papers. ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_ id=2094289
Russett, B. (1964). Inequality and instability: The relation of land tenure to politics. World Politics, 16, 442-454.
Schneidera, F., Kallisa, G. & Martinez-Alier, J. (2010). Crisis or opportunity? Eco- nomic degrowth for social equity and ecological sustainability. Introduction to this special issue. Journal of Cleaner Production, 18, 511-518.
Skogly, S. (2001). The human rights obligations of the World Bank and International Mo- netary Fund. London: Cavendish Publi- shing.
Stamatopoulou, E. (1994). Indigenous peoples and the United Nations: Human Rights as a developing dynamic. Human Rights Quarterly, 16, 58-81.
Tauli-Corpuz, V. (2010). Indigenous peoples’ self-determined development: Challen- ges and trajectories. En Indigenous Peo- ples’ International Centre, Indigenous people’s self-determined development (pp. 1-78). Baguio: Indigenous Peoples’ In- ternational Centre.
Thirlwall, A. (2011). Economics of Develop- ment. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Thomson, B. (2011). Pachakuti: Indigenous perspectives, buen vivir, sumaq kawsay and degrowth. Development, 54, 448- 454.
Tödtling, F. & Trippl, M. (2005). One size fits all?: Towards a differentiated regional innovation policy approach. Research Policy, 34, 1203-1219.
Venne, S. (2011). The road to the United Na- tions and rights of Indigenous Peoples. Griffith Law Review, 20, 557-577.
Vollrath, D. (2007). Land distribution and in- ternational agricultural productivity. American Journal of Agricultural Econo- mics, 89, 202-216.
Wagner, M. (2001). The international legal ri- ghts of indigenous peoples affected by natural resource exploitation: A brief case study. Hastings International & Comparative Law Review, 24, 491.
Whitt, L., Roberts, M., Norman, W. & Grieves, V. (2001). Belonging to land: Indige- nous knowledge systems and the natural world. Oklahoma City University Law Review 701, 701-743.
Willemsen, A. (2010). Cómo llegaron los dere- chos de los pueblos indígenas a la ONU.
En C. Charters & R. E. Stavenhagen, El Desafío a la Declaración. Historia y Fu- turo de la Declaración de la ONU sobre pueblos indígenas (pp. 16-31). Copen- hague: International Working Group on Indigenous Affairs.
World Bank. (27 de Mayo de 2014). Indigenous People Development Project. Recuperado de http://www.worldbank.org/projects/ P057416/indigenous-peoples-develop- ment-project?lang=en
Yashar, D. (1999). Democracy, indigenous mo- vements, and the postliberal challenge in Latin America. World Politics, 52, 76- 104.
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2014 Pensamiento Americano
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The author or authors of an article accepted for publication in the Journal Pensamiento Americano will transfer all of the patrimonial rights to the American University Corporation free of charge, within which are included: the right to edit, publish, reproduce and distribute both print media as digital, in addition to include in article in international indexes and / or databases, likewise, the Editorial Seal is authorized to use the images, tables and / or any graphic material presented in the article for the design of covers or posters from the same magazine. By assuming the patrimonial rights of the article, it may not be partially or totally reproduced in any printed or digital media without its express permission.
AUTHORITY ASPECTS
For the Pensamiento Americano Journal, all the authors of an article have made substantial contributions to the research and the manuscript, and they share the responsibility when the article presents errors, fraud in some way or violations of copyright.
After submitting an article, the journal does not accept the addition, deletion or change in the order of the authors, in addition we reserve the right to release the article when it has been submitted to the journal and under no circumstances will American Thought accept the article. withdrawal of an article during any phase of the editorial process
