Participação de mulheres em gabinetes ministeriais de mulheres presidentes eleitos democraticamente na América Latina
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21803/penamer.17.33.624Palavras-chave:
Gênero, Política, Mulheres presidentes, Ministérios, América LatinaResumo
Introducción: Existem políticas de Estado que podem contribuir para aumentar a participação da mulher na vida pública, uma delas são as cotas de gênero implementadas por alguns países neste século. A ideia de que mulheres e homens têm a mesma capacidade
para ocupar cargos de chefia merece um estudo sobre as condições em que acedem a cargos de chefia. Objetivo: Descrever a participação das mulheres nos gabinetes ministeriais de seis presidentes eleitos democraticamente na América Latina. Metodologia: Qualitativa- descritiva, baseada na análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Os gabinetes ministeriais descritos caracterizaram-se por uma presença relativamente baixa de mulheres, com alta participação como no caso da Costa Rica e baixa na Nicarágua. Além disso, constatou-se que a duração média dos ministros em seus cargos foi curta e que os ministérios para os
quais foram nomeados, em sua maioria, não são os de maior visibilidade e importância devido à sua atuação. Conclusão: A participação feminina nos gabinetes das presidentes foi relativamente fraca devido à preferência que continua existindo por lideranças masculinas.
Downloads
Referências
Akkaya, B. y Üstgörül, S. (2020). Leadership styles and female managers in perspective of agile leadership. En B. Akka-ya (ed.), Agile business leadership methods for industry 4.0 (pp. 121-137). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80043-380-920201008
Barcelona Centre for International Affairs. (s. f.). Biografías líderes políticos, América Central y Caribe. https://www.cidob.org/biografias_lideres_politicos/america_central_y_caribe
Bardin, L. (2002). Análisis de contenido. Madrid: Ediciones Akal.
Bass, B., & Bass, R. (2008). The Bass Handbook of Leadership: Theory, Research, & Managerial Applications. New York: Free Press.
Baumeister, A. (2009) Gender, culture and the politics of identity in the public realm. Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, 12(2), 259-277. https://doi.org/10.1080/13698230902892176
Carrión-Yaguana, V., Carrington, S. & Velástegui, G. (2023). Female Candidate Performance and Gender Quotas: The Case of Ecuador. Journal of Women, Politics & Policy, 44(2), 152-167. https://doi.org/10.1080/1554477X.2022.2066390
Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe. (2004). Caminos hacia la equidad de género en América Latina y el Caribe. https://repositorio.cepal.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/81c9cfa2-bd34-4eea-9509-c760a94296cf/content
Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos. (2009). Informe anual de la Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos. https://www.cidh.oas.org/pdf%20files/ANUAL%202009%20ESP.pdf
Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe. (2015, 11 de mayo). Las cuotas de género contribuyen al acceso de las mujeres a la legislatura. https://www.cepal.org/es/notas/cuotas-contribuyen-al-acceso-mujeres-legislaturas
Cristina Kirchner en el Día de la Lealtad Peronista. (2016, 11 de octubre). Cristina Fernández de Kirchner. https://www.cfkargentina.com/cristina-kirchner-en-el-diadelalealta-dperonista/
Cuadrado, I. (2003). ¿Emplean hombres y mujeres deferentes estilos de liderazgo? Análisis de la influencia de los estilos de liderazgo en el acceso a los puestos de dirección. International Journal of Social Psychology, 18(3), 283-307. https://doi.org/10.1174/021347403322470864
Cuadrado, I., Navas, M., Molero, F., Ferrer, E. y Morales, J. F. (2012). Gender differences in leadership styles as a function of leader and subordinates’ sex and type of organization. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 42(12), 3083-3113. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2012.00974.x
Del Villar, R. (2012). Midiatizaçoes televisivas: a campanha presidencial de Michel Bachelet. En A. Fausto, J. Mouchon, & E. Verón (eds.) Transformações da Midiatização Presidencial. Brasil: Difusao (págs. 301-315). São Caetano: Difucão Editora.
Díaz-Parra, I. y Romano, S. M. (2018). Política y antipolítica: Entre los gobiernos progresistas y el giro conservador en América Latina. Estado & Comunes: Revista de Po-líticas y Problemas Públicos, 1(6), 159-180. https://doi.org/10.37228/estado_comunes.v1.n6.2018.74
Fernández, A. (2011). Mujeres en la cumbre: cifras, leyes, opiniones y reflexiones. El cotidiano, (166), 67-69.
Fouquet, S., & Brummer, K. (2023). Profiling the personality of populist foreign policy makers: a leadership trait analysis. Journal of International Relations and Development, 26, 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41268-022-00270-2
Gaur, D., Gupta, K. y Pal, A. (2024). Transformational women leadership: A road to sustainable development goal of women empowerment. Journal of Global Responsibility, 15(2), 193-214. https://doi.org/10.1108/JGR-04-2023-0053
Goddard, D. (2019). Entering the men's domain? Gender and portfolio allocation in European governments. European Journal of Political Research, 58, 631-655. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12305
Groeneveld, S., Bakker, V., & Schmidt, E. (2020). Breaking the glass ceiling, but facing a glass cliff? The role of organizational decline in women's representation in leadership positions in Dutch civil service organizations. Public Admin, 98, 441– 464. https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.12632
Hamlin Zúniga, M. y Quirós Víquez, A. (2014). Las mujeres en la historia de Nicaragua y sus relaciones con el poder y el Estado. Medicina Social, 9(3), 232-247. https://www.socialmedicine.info/index.php/medicinasocial/article/view/746/1637
Hernández, C., & Camarena, M. (2005). Inequidad de Género en las organizaciones. Una visión de Latinoamérica. Actualidad Contable Faces, 8, 20-29.
Inter-American Development Bank. (2008). Women in the Americas: Paths to political power. A report card on women in political leadership. https://www.thedialogue.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Report-Card-publication.pdf
Karazi-Presler, T., & Wasserman, V. (2022). “Hold your nose and harness these men”: Sexual vulnerability in a hyper-masculine organization – A barrier or a resource? Organization, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1177/13505084221124191
Kim, N., Bang, Y., & Kim, E. M. (2022). Women’s Empowerment Without Power: Strategic v. Practical Interests in SDGs and the Voluntary National Reviews. Gobal Policy, 13(3), 371-389. https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.13107
Krauss, S., & Kroeber, C. (2021) How women in the executive influence government stability, Journal of European Public Policy, 28(9), 1372-1390. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2020.1773905
Kroeber, C., & Hüffelmann, J. (2022). It's a Long Way to the Top: Women's Ministerial Career Paths. Politics & Gender, 18(3), 741 – 767. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1743923X21000118
Lari, N., Al-Ansari, M., & El-Maghraby, E. (2022). Challenging gender norms: women’s leadership, political authority, and autonomy. Gender in Management, 37(4), 476-493. https://doi.org/10.1108/GM-06-2021-0159
López, A., (2010). Feminismo y emancipación en el ideario de las mujeres trabajadoras. Argentina y Chile en el centenario. Procesos Históricos, (18), 24-37.
Martínez-Córdoba, P., Benito, B., & García-Sánchez, I. (2023). Women's management in local government: The effects of substantive representation on welfare service efficiency. Social Policy & Administration, 57(3), 272– 286. https://doi.org/10.1111/spol.12853
Miranda, S. (2019). Preferred leadership styles by gender. Journal of Management Development, 38(7), 604-615. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-01-2019-0034
Nassar, C., Nastacă, C., & Nastaseanu, A. (2021). The Leadership Styles of Men and Women—Has the Perception Regarding Female Leaders Changed? Journal of US-China Public Administration, 18(2), 68-80. https://doi.org/10.17265/1548-6591/2021.02.002
Offringa, S. y Groeneveld, S. (2023). Are leadership preferences gendered? A conjoint analysis of employee preferences for manager characteristics in male- and female-dominated public sub-sectors in the Netherlands. Review of Public Personnel Administration. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371X231182970
Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos. (2023). Igualdad de género en Colombia: Hacia una mejor distribución del trabajo remunerado y no remunerado. https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/82e9b4e2-es/index.html?itemId=/content/publication/82e9b4e2-es
Palazón, G. (2007). Antes, durante, después de la revolución. La lucha continúa. Movimiento feminista en Nicaragua. Lectora 13, 115-132.
Park, D. (1996). Gender role, decision style and leadership style. Women in Management Review, 11(8), 13-17. https://doi.org/10.1108/09649429610148737
Paz, Y. (2014). De la reina-madre de la nación a la tarasca. Para un análisis de los discursos de juramente de las presidentas electas latinoamericanas. Discurso y Sociedad, 8(4), 667-704.
Piggott, L., & Pike, E. (2020). ‘CEO equals man’: Gender and informal organisational practices in English sport governance. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 55(7), 1009–1025. https://doi.org/10.1177/1012690219865980
Rabelo, L., Davis, C., Elattar, A., & Almalki, H. (2022). A Systematic Guide to Leadership Selection Using Total Quality Management Techniques. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
Ramirez-Gelvez, S. (2012). De Eva a Cristina: Ethos e discurso político. En A. Fausto (ed) Trasformações da midiatização presidensial. São Caetano: Difucão Editora.
Rios, M. (2006). Cuotas de Género: democracia y representación. Santiago de Chile: FlacsoChile.
Rodríguez Escalante, M. (2011). ¿Casualidad o causalidad? América Latina y sus mujeres presidentes. Cinco casos específicos [tesis de doctorado, Leiðbeinandi: Hólmfriður Garðarsdóttir]. https://skemman.is/bitstream/1946/7425/1/TESIS%20FINAL.pdf
Roncancio- García, A. D., Camargo-Mayorga, D. A. y Muñoz-Murcia, N. M. (2017). Consideraciones sobre un marco metodológico encaminado al análisis de textos. Sophia, 13(1), 109-121. https://doi.org/10.18634/sophiaj.13v.1i.374
Ruiz Acosta, L. E. y Camargo Mayorga, D. A. (2018). Estilos de liderazgo político de las presidentas elegidas democráticamente en Latinoamérica: Un estudio usando modelos probabilísticos. Encuentros, 16(1), 91-106. http://dx.doi.org/10.15665/.v16i01.983ISSN 1692-5858
Ruiz Acosta, L. E., Lizarazo Vesga, S. V. y Camargo Mayorga, D. A. (2019). Influencias en el liderazgo para llegar al poder: El análisis de las presidentas en América Latina. Cuadernos Latinoamericanos de Administración, 15(29), 50-58. https://doi.org/10.18270/cuaderlam.v15i29.2800
Ruiz R., G. (2012, 11 de octubre). Remezón en gabinete de Laura Chinchilla. El Financiero. https://www.elfinancierocr.com/economia-y-politica/remezon-en-gabinete-de-lau-ra-chinchilla/HXZ6Z4H32NHOVFYOLTNCBEGXRU/story/
Ruiz Ramón, G. (2012, 9 de diciembre). Mayi Antillón Contra viento, marea... y trámites. El Financiero. https://formatos.inamu.go.cr/SIDOC/DOCS/mayi_antilln__el_financiero.mht
Ruiz Seisdedos, S. y Grande Gascón, M. L. (2015). Participación política y liderazgo de género: Las presidentas latinoamericanas. América Latina Hoy, 71, 151-170. https://doi.org/10.14201/alh201571151170
Saldívar, A., Díaz, R., Reyes, N., Armenta, C., López, F., Moreno, M., Romero, A., Hernández, J., & Domínguez, M. (2015). Roles de Género y Diversidad: Validación de una Escala en Varios Contextos Culturales. Acta de Investigación Psicológica, 5(3), 2124-2147. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2007-4719(16)30005-9
Salgado Lévano, A. C. (2007). Investigación cualitativa: Diseños, evaluación del rigor metodológico y retos. Revista Peruana de Psicología, 13(13), 71-78
Salinas, L. (2015, 27 de noviembre). Cómo fueron los primeros Gabinetes, de Néstor Kirchner a Macri. Clarín. https://www.clarin.com/politica/primeros- Gabinetes-Nestor-Kirchner-Macri_0_BJ7lX6yYDQg.html
Schwindt-Bayer, L. (2009). Making Quotas Work: The Effect of Gender Quota Laws On the Election of Women. Legislative Studies Quarterly, 34(1), 5-28.
Silva, H. C. P. da. (2013). Composição do gabinete presidencial no governo de Dilma Rousseff. https://www.academia.edu/download/33745565/Composicao_Dilma_vers_2.pdf
Downloads
Publicado
Versões
- 2024-06-13 (4)
- 2024-06-24 (3)
- 2024-06-17 (2)
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2024 Pensamiento Americano
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The author or authors of an article accepted for publication in the Journal Pensamiento Americano will transfer all of the patrimonial rights to the American University Corporation free of charge, within which are included: the right to edit, publish, reproduce and distribute both print media as digital, in addition to include in article in international indexes and / or databases, likewise, the Editorial Seal is authorized to use the images, tables and / or any graphic material presented in the article for the design of covers or posters from the same magazine. By assuming the patrimonial rights of the article, it may not be partially or totally reproduced in any printed or digital media without its express permission.
AUTHORITY ASPECTS
For the Pensamiento Americano Journal, all the authors of an article have made substantial contributions to the research and the manuscript, and they share the responsibility when the article presents errors, fraud in some way or violations of copyright.
After submitting an article, the journal does not accept the addition, deletion or change in the order of the authors, in addition we reserve the right to release the article when it has been submitted to the journal and under no circumstances will American Thought accept the article. withdrawal of an article during any phase of the editorial process
